Unpacking the secrets of South Africa's dolerite sills
The exploitation of mineral deposits always creates debates around economic necessity versus environmental preservation. Fracking for gas in the Karoo region of South Africa is currently ...
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Diagenesis and mineralization in the Central African …
The Central African Copperbelt (CACB), located between the Congo Craton and Kalahari Craton (Fig. 1 A), is composed of the Congolese Copperbelt (CCB) and Zambian Copperbelt (ZCB) (Fig. 2).It is the world's leading producing region of sediment-hosted Cu-Co, accounting for 10% of global Cu production in 2019 (USGS, 2020) and 68% of Co production …
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Shale | Properties, Composition, Formation, Uses
Shales are fissile clastic sedimentary rocksformed fromtransportation, deposition and compaction of detrital materials of silt andclay. Fissility of the clay is its main distinguishing characteristic fromother sedimentary rocks. Fissility is defined as the property of a rock tosplit easily …
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THE SHALE GAS INDUSTRY IN SOUTH AFRICA
THE SHALE GAS INDUSTRY IN SOUTH AFRICA: TOWARD A SCIENCE ACTION PLAN 31 August – 1 September 2017 Boardwalk Conference Centre, Port Elizabeth DAY 1 Start Item Individual Min 8:00 Registration ... (SAAE) and is CEO of the South African Minerals to Metals Research Institute. He is an Honorary Fellow and Fellow of the South African Institute of ...
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The bubble that got away? Prospects for shale gas
Notes the continued influence of South Africa's 'Minerals-Energy Complex' in determining energy policy and transitions. Abstract. The potential for shale gas development (SGD) in South Africa's environmentally sensitive Karoo region has attracted the interest of energy companies, government and the public. ... but only if South African ...
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Mineralogical and Geochemical Characteristics of the Shale …
In order to expand the energy security of South Africa, this study characterises the Carbonaceous Shale (CS) and coal samples retrieved from boreholes in the Witbank …
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Geochemical and mineralogical evaluations of coal, shale, …
2.2 Analytical characterization 2.2.1 Sampling program. Using Standard method (ASTM 2010), coal samples were collected from one of the largest coal mines in the Makum coalfield.The rock types were mainly sandstone, shale, and carbonaceous clay. Several coal, MOB, and shale samples were gathered from three distinct sites (shown in Fig. 1) of the area.
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Other Fuel and Strategic Resources in North Africa: Oil Shale …
Oil shale and rare earth elements (REE) are examples of the strategic resources in North Africa. Oil shale is considered as a major oil and/or gas-prone source rock. The Lower …
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The Impact of the U.S. Shale Boom in Africa
Crude oil exports from Africa to the United States have fallen from a high of 2.4 million barrels a day in 2007 to 0.29 million barrels a day in 2014, which represents an 87.7 percent decline (see Figure 1). 31 As of June 2015, only one country, Angola, was among the top ten suppliers (101 thousand barrels per day) of crude oil to the United States. 32
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2019 Minerals Yearbook
Clay and Shale and Crushed Stone.—The majority of Kenya's cement was produced from domestically quarried limestone and shale. Based on cement production of 5.97 Mt and clinker imports of 1.81 Mt, clay and shale production for use in cement was estimated to be 800,000 t in 2019 (table 1; Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, 2020, p. 99, 178).
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Review of the origin of breccias and their resource potential …
Some breccia host industrials minerals, such as calcite and gypsum (Fig. 11 E and F). In the Kundelungu and Biano Groups, many fault breccia in the KCB are cemented by …
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AFRICAN FUTURES PAPER
South Africa's government recently announced it would start granting exploration permits for shale gas in early 2014. The pivotal move has sent a strong message to those on both sides of the ongoing fracking debate. Yet, for South Africa itself, the decision is still only an early step on a very uncertain path forward.
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Geochemistry of sandstones and shales from the Ecca …
Geochemical compositions of twenty-four sandstone and shale samples from the Ecca Group were analysed to decipher their provenance, paleoweathering conditions and tectonic setting.
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Petrographic, mineralogical, morphological and organic …
These samples were subjected to petrographic, mineralogical, morphological, and kerogen-type analysis to investigate potentials for shale gas generation. The petrographic …
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Shale Gas Is Back on The South Africa Menu, Says Mantashe
South Africa's Minister of Mineral and Petroleum Resources Gwede Mantashe on Thursday reiterated that the country was committed to developing its oil and gas ... seeks to accelerate petroleum exploration and development and includes provisions to address unconventional gases like shale gas, South Africa was well on its way to become a ...
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KGS--Kansas Rocks and Minerals--Kansas Rocks
Shale in eastern Kansas has been used for many years in making bricks. When heated its color changes to well-known "brick-red." Shale also is used mixed with limestone for making Portland cement. Dark-Black Shale in the Fort Scott Formation in Crawford County; Round Features are Marble-Sized Nodules of Phosphate.
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Shale geology: characteristics, formation, uses
Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock, composed mostly of clay particles and other minerals such as quartz and calcite. It is formed of many thim mineral layers and is typically characterized ...
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Geomechanical properties of the Permian black shales in the …
Permian black shales from the lower Ecca Group of the southern main Karoo Basin (MKB) have a total organic carbon (TOC) of up to ~5 wt% and have been considered primary targets for a …
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Geochemical and mineralogical controls on the
Analysing their geomechanical properties and mineralogical influences is key to understanding the fracability and production optimization of shale reservoirs. To this regard, …
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Evolution and significance of clay minerals in the Esna Shale …
A: Distribution of clay mineral species of Esna Shale Formation. B: Representative XRD patterns from the studied Esna Shales (black line: air-dried, blue line: glycolate, rose line: 550 °C heated). C: Nontronite b o unit-cell dimension as measured by XRD of Esna Shale Formation(samples MS- and MS-6) vs. octahedral Fe content. Regression line ...
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Diagenesis and mineralization in the Central African …
In this study, two types of pyrobitumen (burial related and burial plus hydrothermal related) reflectance values have been measured, which record maximum temperatures during …
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Mineralization and sustainable development in the …
Structural, geophysical, sedimentological, stratigraphical, geochemical, petrophysical and mineralogical analyses have been used to highlight the complexities involved in mineralization emplacement and its origin and …
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Mining, Minerals & Energy Policy Development
What is shale gas? Shale gas is a natural gas that is occurring and can be extracted from Shale. The natural gas can be utilised for energy production. "South Africa has an estimate of 390 trillion cubic feet (tcf) of technically recoverable natural gas that can be extracted from Shale and this is embedded in the Karoo Basin (Figure 1(a))".
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